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Religious affiliations are Christian 69%, Muslim 15.6%, traditional and indigenous beliefs 8.5%. Religious affiliations are Christian 69%, Muslim 15.6%, traditional and indigenous beliefs 8.5%.
 +====== Ghanaians in The United States ======
 +According to the 2000 Census there are 86,918 Ghanaian Americans living in the United States. Cities with large populations include (in order of size): Atlanta; Chicago; Detroit; Washington, D.C.; The Bronx in New York City; Newark, New Jersey; Providence, Rhode Island; and Columbus, Ohio, among others.
-====== Language and Education ====== +1. **Ghanaians in Pacific Northwest**
-Ghana has 47 ethnic languages. English is the country's official language and is used in the majority of government and business affairs. It is the standard language used for educational instruction.+
-Ghanaians speak a distinctive West African Pidgin version of English as a standard form. English is a second language in most families. Akan is the most widely spoken sub-language and has acquired informal national status. In addition to the large number of native speakers of Akan, many members of other groups learn Akan as a second language and use it fluently for intergroup communication.+Ghanaian Association of Greater Seattle, PO Box 6894, Bellevue WA 98008. Tel: 206-747-4764
-1. **Greetings and Popular Expressions in Ghanaian English**+Adopt a Secondary School in Ghana Society (ASSIG), Emmanuel.Baidoo@PSS.Boeing.com , 425-747-4764
-Ghanaians place great emphasis on politeness, hospitality, and formality. Upon meeting, acquaintances must shake hands and ask about each other's health and families.+RESTAURANT:  
 +KwaTay Restaurant and Lounge 
 +315 1st Ave. N. : Seattle, WA 98109 : (206) 588-2070
-**Such English words as "fool(ish)," "silly," or "nonsense," are highly offensive and are used only in extreme anger.**+2. **Ghanaians in Portland**
-**USEFUL TWI PHRASES:** (Twi is a dialect spoken in Ghana by the Akan people) +FESTIVALS: 
- *Meh daasay = Thanks +Portland's Homowo Festival http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/legacies/OR/200002932.html
-  *Akwaaba = Welcome! +
-  *Ete sen = How are you? +
-  *Eh ye = I’m fine. +
-  *Na wo so eh = And you, how are you? +
-  *Wo din day sen = What is your name? +
-  *Meh din day Heather = My name is Heather +
-  *Yoo, Yenko = Alright, let’s go.+
-Alba Kunadu Sumprim at http://www.theimportedghanaian.com has a very comprehensive resource on popular phrases and lingo used in Ghana.+MUSIC:
-Roger Blench has created an extensive **Dictionary of Ghanaian English ** at http://www.rogerblench.info/Language%20data/Africa/Ghana/Ghana%20English%20dictionary.pdf+http://www.anansibeat.com/
-There are other blogs on the internet that have additional lingo and Ghanaian phrases. +http://www.oboaddy.com/
-For example: +
-  *http://wwwghanagirl.blogspot.com/ +
-  *http://www.aroundtheworldl.com/2010/01/dos-and-donts-of-ghanaian-english.html +
- +
-2. **Education**+http://djembelfaq.drums.org/OR_wa_drumcircles.htm 
 + 
 +NON-PROFITS: 
 +http://www.worldactionfoundation.org/
-The U.S. Department of the State (2009) describes that education is tuition-free and mandatory in the primary and junior secondary school. Education in Ghana includes seven years of primary education, four years at the junior secondary school level and three years at the senior secondary school level. Successful completion of senior secondary school leads to admission eligibility at training colleges, polytechnics, and universities. Access and limited facilities are the greatest barriers to continuing education. Private secondary schools play a very small role in Ghana, with only a handful of institutions. Fewer than 200 students graduate from secondary schools a year. 
-====== People and Culture of Ghana ======+====== Ghanaian People and Culture ======
Family, respect for the elderly, honoring traditional rulers, and the importance of dignity and proper social conduct are emphasized as values that the entire Ghanaian community share. Individual conduct is seen as having impact on an entire family unit or clan, social group and community. As a result of these beliefs each Ghanaian is expected to be respectful, dignified and observant in most every aspect of life. Family, respect for the elderly, honoring traditional rulers, and the importance of dignity and proper social conduct are emphasized as values that the entire Ghanaian community share. Individual conduct is seen as having impact on an entire family unit or clan, social group and community. As a result of these beliefs each Ghanaian is expected to be respectful, dignified and observant in most every aspect of life.
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  *CUISINE:   *CUISINE:
-The basic diet consists of a starchy dough ball called fufu which is pounded plantains or tubers in combination with cassava. It is seerved with a vegetable based soup that includes animal proteins, usually fish, and hot peppers. Palm nut and peanut soups are also very popular. Indigenous diets are eaten *at all social levels*, even by the Westernized elite.+The basic diet consists of a starchy dough ball called fufu which is pounded plantains or tubers in combination with cassava. It is served with a vegetable based soup that includes animal proteins, usually fish, and hot peppers. Palm nut and peanut soups are also very popular. Indigenous diets are eaten *at all social levels*, even by the Westernized elite.
Most households raise chickens and dwarf goats, which are reserved for special occasions, such as christenings, weddings, traditional festivals, and Christmas. Most households raise chickens and dwarf goats, which are reserved for special occasions, such as christenings, weddings, traditional festivals, and Christmas.
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Families are often hesitant to seek assessment services, and they tend to provide alternative explanations for impairment, such as “a tree fell on the child,” in order to avoid spiritual prejudices.  Negative perceptions of disability in Ghana also have significant effects on post-education community integration for adults with communication and other non-physical impairments in Ghana.  Until the institution of the disability bill, for example, it was possible for employees to be discharged solely due to customer complaints against being served by an individual with a disability." Families are often hesitant to seek assessment services, and they tend to provide alternative explanations for impairment, such as “a tree fell on the child,” in order to avoid spiritual prejudices.  Negative perceptions of disability in Ghana also have significant effects on post-education community integration for adults with communication and other non-physical impairments in Ghana.  Until the institution of the disability bill, for example, it was possible for employees to be discharged solely due to customer complaints against being served by an individual with a disability."
 +
 +
 +====== Language and Education ======
 +Ghana has 47 ethnic languages. English is the country's official language and is used in the majority of government and business affairs. It is the standard language used for educational instruction. Ghanaians speak a distinctive West African Pidgin version of English referred to as Ghanaian Pidgin English (GhaPE). GhaPE is used by roughly a quarter of the population in some situations and is part of the West African Pidgin English (WAPE) continuum.
 +
 +GhaPE, locally known as Pidgin (English), Broken (English), and formerly as Kru English or kroo brofo (the Akan term), is a predominantly oral and urban phenomenon. It is spoken in the southern towns, especially in the capital Accra. Pidgin is not officially recognized as a language of Ghana and there is no standardized orthography. The few grammatical descriptions are purely scholarly works.
 +
 +English is a second language in most families. Twi is the most widely spoken sub-language and has acquired informal national status. In addition to the large number of native speakers of Twi, many members of other groups learn Twi as a second language and use it fluently for intergroup communication.
 +
 +1. **Greetings and Popular Expressions in Ghanaian English**
 +
 +Ghanaians place great emphasis on politeness, hospitality, and formality. Upon meeting, acquaintances must shake hands and ask about each other's health and families.
 +
 +
 +**USEFUL TWI PHRASES:** (Twi is a dialect spoken in Ghana by the Akan people)
 +
 +Twi uses open vowel sounds as in Spanish. In the following examples: 'o' & 'Ɔ' like the 'o' in orange and 'ε’ like the 'E' in Eric. The 'e' on the end of words is pronounced. Intonation in questions does the opposite to English: instead of rising it falls.
 +
 +  *Yε frε wo sεn? What is your name?
 +  *Yε frε me Heather. They call me Heather.
 + Another way of asking:
 +  *Wo din de sεn? Your name is what?
 +  *Me din de Heather. My Name is Heather.
 +  *Wofiri he? Where do you come from?
 +  *Mefi America. I come from America.
 +  *WorekƆ he? Where are you going?
 +  *Me kƆ krum. I’m going to town.
 +  *Wo te Twi? Do you speak Twi?
 +  *Anne, me te Twi. Yes, I speak Twi.
 +  *Dabi, mente Twi. No, I don’t speak Twi.
 +  *Kakra kakra. Small small (a little).
 +
 +**Lingo and Expressions**
 +
 +Alba Kunadu Sumprim at http://www.theimportedghanaian.com has a very comprehensive resource on popular phrases and lingo used in Ghana.
 +
 +Roger Blench has created an extensive **Dictionary of Ghanaian English ** at http://www.rogerblench.info/Language%20data/Africa/Ghana/Ghana%20English%20dictionary.pdf
 +
 +There are other blogs on the internet that have additional lingo and Ghanaian phrases.
 +For example:
 +  *http://wwwghanagirl.blogspot.com/
 +  *http://www.aroundtheworldl.com/2010/01/dos-and-donts-of-ghanaian-english.html
 +  *http://everything2.com/title/Ghanaian+Pidgin+English
 +
 +
 +
 +**Such English words as "fool(ish)," "silly," or "nonsense," are highly offensive and are used only in extreme anger.**
 +
 +
 +
 +2. **Education**
 +
 +The U.S. Department of the State (2009) describes that education is tuition-free and mandatory in the primary and junior secondary school. Education in Ghana includes seven years of primary education, four years at the junior secondary school level and three years at the senior secondary school level. Successful completion of senior secondary school leads to admission eligibility at training colleges, polytechnics, and universities. Access and limited facilities are the greatest barriers to continuing education. Private secondary schools play a very small role in Ghana, with only a handful of institutions. Fewer than 200 students graduate from secondary schools a year.
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 +====== Links & Contacts; Resources  Speech and Other Services for Ghanaians in The United States ======
 +**News About Ghanaian Community in United States**
 +www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/diaspora/diaspora.news.php?country=US
-====== Ghanaians in The United States ======  +**The Ghana Embassy, Washington, D.C., USA** http://www.ghanaembassy.org/
-According to the 2000 Census there are 86,918 Ghanaian Americans living in the United States. Cities with large populations include (in order of size): Atlanta; Chicago; Detroit; Washington, D.C.; The Bronx in New York City; Newark, New Jersey; Providence, Rhode Island; and Columbus, Ohio, among others.+
-1. **Ghanaians in Pacific Northwest**+**National Council of Ghanaian Associations, INC.** http://ncoga.org/
-Ghanaian Association of Greater Seattle, PO Box 6894, Bellevue WA 98008. Tel: 206-747-4764+**The Ghana National Council** http://www.ghananationalcouncil.org/
-Adopt a Secondary School in Ghana Society (ASSIG), Emmanuel.Baidoo@PSS.Boeing.com , 425-747-4764+**Africa in Oregon: a Database of Africanist Resources in Oregon** http://africa.uoregon.edu/afrstuddb/resources.php
-RESTAURANT:  +**Ghanaian American Association**  
-KwaTay Restaurant and Lounge +120 Willow Ave 
-315 1st Ave. N. : Seattle, WA 98109 : (206) 588-2070 +Hempstead, New York 
- +United States 
-2. **Ghanaians in Portland** +11550 
- +(516) 292-3749
-FESTIVALS: +
-Portland's Homowo Festival http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/legacies/OR/200002932.html +
- +
-MUSIC: +
- +
-http://www.anansibeat.com/ +
- +
-http://www.oboaddy.com/  +
- +
-http://djembelfaq.drums.org/OR_wa_drumcircles.htm +
- +
-NON-PROFITS: +
-http://www.worldactionfoundation.org/ +
====== Links & Contacts; Resources for Speech Services in Ghana ====== ====== Links & Contacts; Resources for Speech Services in Ghana ======
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  *http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/africa-w.html   *http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/africa-w.html
-====== Links & Contacts; Resources  Speech and Other Services for Ghanaians in The United States ====== 
-**News About Ghanaian Community in United States** 
-www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/diaspora/diaspora.news.php?country=US 
-**The Ghana Embassy, Washington, D.C., USA** http://www.ghanaembassy.org/ 
-**National Council of Ghanaian Associations, INC.** http://ncoga.org/ 
-**The Ghana National Council** http://www.ghananationalcouncil.org/+====== Additional Resources ====== 
 +[[additional_resources|Community Resources for Culturally and Lingistically Diverse Clients|Community Resources for Culturally and Lingually Diverse Clients]]
-**Africa in Oregon: a Database of Africanist Resources in Oregon** http://africa.uoregon.edu/afrstuddb/resources.php 
-**Ghanaian American Association**  
-120 Willow Ave 
-Hempstead, New York 
-United States 
-11550 
-(516) 292-3749 
- 
-====== Additional Resources ====== 
-[[additional_resources|Community Resources for Culturally and Lingually Diverse Clients]] 
====== References ====== ====== References ======
 +Huber, M. (1999). Ghanaian pidgin English in its West African context: a sociohistorical and structural analysis. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins North America.
 +
http://www.eshow2000.com/asha/2006/handouts/855_0581Haskill_Allison_071763_102406102349.doc http://www.eshow2000.com/asha/2006/handouts/855_0581Haskill_Allison_071763_102406102349.doc
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http://wwwghanagirl.blogspot.com/ http://wwwghanagirl.blogspot.com/
 +
 +http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g293796-s604/Ghana:Important.Phrases.html
---- ----
//Student Contributors: Heather Higgins, Winter 2010// //Student Contributors: Heather Higgins, Winter 2010//
-~~DISCUSSION:on~~+~~DISCUSSION:off~~
 
ghana.1268103702.txt.gz · Last modified: 2010/03/08 19:01 by cegn
 
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