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| somalia:somali_bantu 2010/03/09 19:57 | somalia:somali_bantu 2010/03/15 09:13 current | ||
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| + | ======NOTE: I HAD TO CREATE A NEW LINK AND MOVE MY PAGE BECAUSE THE COLON IN THE WIKI CODE OF THE ORIGINAL PAGE NAME WAS PREVENTING INTERNAL LINKS FROM WORKING, AND I DON'T KNOW A WAY TO CHANGE THE ORIGINAL PAGE NAME. --LA, 3/14/10, 1:08 a.m. ====== | ||
| + | ====I've tried to fix all the links on our website and point them to the new page. If you reach this page in error (like if you have a link from your page to this now defunct one,) let me know and I will fix the link. Thanks, Lisa==== | ||
| ======Somalia: The Somali Bantu====== | ======Somalia: The Somali Bantu====== | ||
| - | {{ somalia:768px-somalia_farmers.jpg?250|Somali Bantu farmers near Kismaayo}} | ||
| - | ===Who are the Somali Bantu?=== | ||
| - | The Somali Bantu are an ethnic group distinct from ethnic Somalis. The label "Somali Bantu" was first used by the international aid community. Somali Bantu had lived for almost two centuries as slaves, and then forced agricultural workers, first under the Somali sultanate, then under colonial Italian rule, in Somalia. They were discriminated against by ethnic Somalis, and afforded little chance at education or economic mobility. | ||
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| - | **Somali Bantu farmers near Kismaayo** (photo by Sgt. G.D. Robinson, from wikipedia.org) | ||
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| - | =====History===== | ||
| - | Most of the Somali Bantu are descendents of Bantu peoples from East Africa (to the south of Somalia). They were brought to Somalia in the 19th century (1800s) from Mozambique, Tanzania, and Malawi as part of the Arab slave trade. | ||
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| - | [WILL ELABORATE A FEW MORE PARAGRAPHS ABOUT HISTORY, 2ND CLASS STATUS, LACK OF ACCESS TO EDUCATION, TRANSITION FROM SLAVERY TO SHARECROPPING.] | ||
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| - | When the Somali Civil War broke out in 1991, the Bantu who resided in the south around the Juba River, the main arable part of the country, and were responsible for most of the country's agricultural production, were again targets and began to flee to neighboring Kenya. | ||
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| - | {{ somalia:somalia-map_new_in_color.jpg|}} | ||
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| - | =====Demographics===== | ||
| - | The Somali Bantu vary as to how much different kinship groups have preserved their East African tribal heritage (Bantu languages) or tried to assimilate (with varying levels of success) into Somali ethnic clans. | ||
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| - | =====Culture===== | ||
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| - | [WILL INCLUDE INFO ON FAMILY STRUCTURE & VALUES, CULTURAL PRACTICES] | ||
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| - | ===== Life in the Refugee Camps in Kenya ===== | ||
| - | Many of the Somali Bantu people had escaped west to Kenya and had been living in refugee camps in Kenya for the better part of a decade. Previous attempts by the international community to resettle them in Somalia or other African countries had failed. (A smaller group of Somali Bantu had escaped the Somali Civil War by sea, and had been resettled in Tanzania.) | ||
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| - | [WILL GIVE SOME DETAILS OF TIME SPENT IN KENYA/HARDSHIPS AND THE CULTURAL EFFECTS IT HAD ON THE BANTU MIGRATING FROM SOMALIA TO THE U.S.] | ||
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| - | =====Resettlement in the United States===== | ||
| - | In 1999, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the United States agreed to resettle the remaining 12,000 Somali Bantu from the Kenyan refugee camps in the United States. In 2002-2003, groups of Somali Bantu were placed in 50 cities in 38 states, including Portland, Oregon. ((www.bantusupport.pdx.edu)) | ||
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| - | According to the [[http://somalibantuoregon.org|Somali Bantu Community Organization of Oregon]], there are over 2,000 Bantu in Portland's Somali Bantu Community. | ||
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| - | [WILL ADD INFO ON ACCULTURATION ISSUES.] | ||
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| - | =====Language(s)===== | ||
| - | The Somali Bantu may speak a number of languages. The main language spoken by the people who fled the lower Juba River valley, in Southern Somalia, is Af-May (also known as Maay, or Maay-Maay, sometimes spelled Maimai.) [Maay rhymes with "sigh."] | ||
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| - | According to the Immigration and Refugee Services of America, in 2002: | ||
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| - | * Less than 5 percent of Somali Bantus speak English. | ||
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| - | * Between 50 and 70 percent of Somali Bantus speak the Bantu version of the southern Somali dialect Maimai (also spelled Maymay, Maay, or Af-May). | ||
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| - | * Between 30 and 50 percent of Somali Bantus speak Somali (others understand Somali but prefer to speak Maimai). | ||
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| - | * Some 10 to 20 percent speak Kizigua, a Bantu language similar to Kiswahili. ((Chanoff, Sasha. (2002). After three years: Somali Bantus prepare to come to America. //Refugee Reports, 23//(8), 1-11.)) | ||
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| + | //Student contributor to this page: Lisa Arakelian, Winter 2010.// | ||
| - | === The following gives information on Maay Phonology and Morphology === | + | ~~DISCUSSION:off~~ |
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| - | [WILL WRITE UP A SUMMARY OF LANGUAGE ASPECTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR LEARNING ENGLISH] | + | |
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| - | ((Paster, Mary. (2006). Aspects of Maay Phonology and Morphology. //Studies in African Linguistics, 35//(1), 73-120.)) | + | |
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| - | {{somalia:consonants_of_afmay.jpeg?600|}} | + | |
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| - | {{somalia:vowels_of_af-may.jpg?450}} | + | |
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| - | =====Clinical Implications for Speech-language Pathologists and other professionals working with this population===== | + | |
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| - | Speech-language pathologists should familiarize themselves as much as possible with the Somali Bantu culture when working with a client from this group. | + | |
| - | Here are a few important things to keep in mind: | + | |
| - | * Students may not have a literate parent or other adult at home to help them with their schoolwork. | + | |
| - | * Students born after 1992 probably have never been to Somalia; instead, they were born in refugee camps in Kenya. | + | |
| - | * The Somali Bantu are Muslim, for the most part, so SLPs should be sensitive to their clients' religious beliefs. | + | |
| - | * Most Somali Bantu have experienced severe hardships and trauma on their journey from Somalia to Kenya and the U.S. | + | |
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| - | ===== Resources ===== | + | |
| - | ==== Websites ==== | + | |
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| - | http://www.bantusupport.pdx.edu/index.php NATIONAL SOMALI BANTU PROJECT | + | |
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| - | http://somalibantuoregon.org/ Somali Bantu Community Organization of Oregon | + | |
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| - | http://www.somalibantu.com/ National Somali Bantu Organization | + | |
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| - | http://www.irco.org/ Immigrant and Refugee Community Organization (in Portland, Oregon) | + | |
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| - | http://www.refugees.org/article.aspx?id=1267 | + | |
| - | U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (USCRI) | + | |
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| - | http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&query=somali+bantu&x=0&y=0 | + | |
| - | UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) The UN Refugee Agency | + | |
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| - | ==== Readings ==== | + | |
| - | Baker, Ria Echteld. (2008). A Somali Bantu Family Settles in Texas. //The Family Journal, 16//, 171-172. | + | |
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| - | Hampson, Rick. (2006) After 3 years, Somalis struggle to adjust to U.S. //USA TODAY// http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-03-21-somali-bantu-cover_x.htm | + | |
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| - | Menkhaus, Ken. (2003). Bantu ethnic identities in Somalia. //Annales d'Ethiopie, 19//, 323-339. | + | |
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| - | Mohammed, Moktar. (2006). Three tales of adjustment: Saving money, learning English, help from a synagogue. //USA TODAY// http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-03-21-somalis-bantu-refugees_x.htm | + | |
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| - | ====Listen==== | + | |
| - | [[http://weekendamerica.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/11/10/one_thing_somalia_to_portland/|From Somalia to Portland]] | + | |
| - | From Somalia to Portland, November 10, 2007 | + | |
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| - | ===== References ===== | + | |
| - | Lehman, Dan Van, & Eno, Omar. (2003). The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture. Culture Profile. Cultural Orientation Resource Center, Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, DC. http://www.cal.org http://www.cal.org/co/bantu/ | + | |
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| - | Paster, Mary. (2006). Aspects of Maay Phonology and Morphology. //Studies in African Linguistics, 35//(1), 73-120. | + | |
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| - | ---- | + | |
| - | //Student contributor to this page: Lisa Arakelian, Winter 2010.// | + | |
| - | ~~DISCUSSION:on~~ | ||
| - | [[http://example.com|External Link]] | ||